2 Samuel 23:19

Authorized King James Version

Was he not most honourable of three? therefore he was their captain: howbeit he attained not unto the first three.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
מִן
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
#2
הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֖ה
not unto the first three
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
#3
הֲכִ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#4
נִכְבָּ֔ד
Was he not most honourable
to be heavy, i.e., in a bad sense (burdensome, severe, dull) or in a good sense (numerous, rich, honorable); causatively, to make weighty (in the same
#5
וַיְהִ֥י
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#6
לָהֶ֖ם
H0
#7
לְשָׂ֑ר
therefore he was their captain
a head person (of any rank or class)
#8
וְעַד
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#9
הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֖ה
not unto the first three
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
#10
לֹא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#11
בָֽא׃
howbeit he attained
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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